The esoteric sources
Blavatsky, H. P. The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion, and Philosophy. 2 vols. London: Theosophical Publishing Company, 1888. The Root Races, the extent of Lemuria including the northern reach through Scandinavia and Siberia, the Australians as the only pure Third Race descendants, the alternation of fire and water at the close of each Race, the Atlantean sight independent of distance and obstacle, the third eye and the pineal gland, the Palaeolithic cave men of Europe as Atlantean descendants, the defence of the Neanderthal skull, Poseidonis sinking in 9564 BC, and Plato's Atlanteans as the last remnant of the race.
Barker, A. T., ed. The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett from the Mahatmas M. and K.H. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1923. The correspondence of 1880 to 1884, held since 1939 in the British Library. Koot Hoomi on the sinking of Atlantis beginning in the Miocene and culminating with the elevation of the Alps, and on the height of the Atlantean cycle in the first part of the Eocene.
Sinnett, A. P. Esoteric Buddhism. London: Trubner, 1883.
Steiner, Rudolf. Cosmic Memory (Aus der Akasha-Chronik, GA 11). Serialised in Lucifer-Gnosis, 1904. Lemurian bodies still soft and unfinished; the land thin and undermined by volcanic forces and destroyed by that fire; Lemurians without speech, communicating directly; building without engineering knowledge by a faculty of imagination; the germinating power of seeds put into the service of technology; vehicles moving a short way above the ground; the denser air and thinner water; the word of the Rmoahals having power as well as meaning; the withdrawal of pictorial consciousness as reasoning develops.
Steiner, Rudolf. An Outline of Occult Science (Die Geheimwissenschaft im Umriss, GA 13), 1910. The Atlantean mystery centres and the seven oracles.
Scott-Elliot, W. The Story of Atlantis. London: Theosophical Publishing Society, 1896. The seven Atlantean sub-races and their periods; the founding settlement on the African mainland where Ghana and western Nigeria now stand; the four maps of successive periods; personal vril and its mechanical successor; the agricultural schools and the making of the banana.
Scott-Elliot, W. The Lost Lemuria. London: Theosophical Publishing Society, 1904. The maps of the southern continent, and the seventh Lemurian sub-race as the stock from which the Atlantean nucleus was drawn.
Leadbeater, C. W. Clairvoyance. London: Theosophical Publishing Society, 1899. Scott-Elliot names him as his clairvoyant source in both prefaces.
Powell, Arthur E. The Solar System. London: Theosophical Publishing House, 1930. Chapter 52: the pituitary body developing to give the cognition of astral emotions in ordinary waking consciousness.
Ramaswamier, S. "How a Chela Found His Guru." The Theosophist 4, no. 3, December 1882. Reprinted in Five Years of Theosophy, London: Reeves and Turner, 1885.
Jinarajadasa, C., ed. Letters from the Masters of the Wisdom, first series. Adyar: Theosophical Publishing House, 1919.
The channeled and trance sources
Charles, Jim. Weekly channelling sessions with the author, ongoing. Unpublished primary material. The voices cited here are Finyet, who speaks as an Atlantean; Enki; and Khufu. Finyet on the Atlanteans as not human, around seven feet, some with elongated skulls, more than one species among them; on the fifteen to twenty percent contribution to human DNA; on the shape of Atlantis as a long curved island from the Greek islands to the Atlantic past Portugal; on the seedings that produced Cro-Magnons and Neanderthals as the work of other species; on his own position as an elder outside the scientific community and the secret society of Atlantis; on the Atlanteans leaving the planet and the Lemurians relocating; on the Lemurians as crystal-workers who saw the future in their stones; and on Aboriginal Australians as resembling a shorter version of the Lemurians. Enki on surveying the early human kinds and building a greater human from the second-best gene pool, and on the Arcturians holding the Asian region. Khufu on Neanderthals and humans living alongside one another and mixing.
The Edgar Cayce readings. Association for Research and Enlightenment, Virginia Beach. Roughly two thousand life readings, of which about seven hundred report an Atlantean incarnation. The three destructions; the Children of the Law of One and the Sons of Belial; the things and automatons bred in underground laboratories; the Firestone or Tuaoi Stone; the dispersal to Egypt, the Yucatan, Peru, the Andes, the Pyrenees, Nevada and Colorado; Mu in the South Pacific; and the 1927 reading identifying Bimini as the site of a Poseidian temple.
Elkins, Don, Carla Rueckert and James Allen McCarty. The Ra Material: An Ancient Astronaut Speaks. Atglen, PA: Whitford Press, 1984. Sessions from 1981. The Martian population brought into earthly incarnation with the physical vehicle altered to receive them.
Roberts, Jane. The Seth Material. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970. Sessions from 1963.
Anka, Darryl, channelling Bashar, from 1984. The Sassani as the offspring of a crossing between human beings and the Greys; the count of contributing races; and the destructions at seventy thousand and around twenty-three and a half thousand years ago.
Marciniak, Barbara. Bringers of the Dawn: Teachings from the Pleiadians. Santa Fe: Bear and Company, 1992. And Earth: Pleiadian Keys to the Living Library. Santa Fe: Bear and Company, 1995.
Carroll, Lee, the Kryon material. Lemuria centred upon Hawaii, the present islands as its surviving peaks.
Jones, Aurelia Louise. Telos, Volume 1: Revelations of the New Lemuria. Mount Shasta: Mount Shasta Light Publishing, 2004.
Collier, Alex. On humanity as the product of genetic manipulation drawing on at least twenty-two extraterrestrial races.
The ancient and traditional sources
Plato. Timaeus 24e to 25d, and Critias 108e to 121c.
Ovid. Fasti, book V, lines 419 to 492, on the Roman festival of the Lemuria.
The Puranas, in particular the Vishnu Purana and the Bhagavata Purana, on the manvantaras and the Manus. H. H. Wilson, trans., The Vishnu Purana, London: John Murray, 1840. The earliest form of the Manu flood is at Shatapatha Brahmana 1.8.1.1 to 10; the best-known telling is Matsya Purana, chapters 1 to 11.
The Sumerian King List, ed. Thorkild Jacobsen, Assyriological Studies 11. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1939.
Atrahasis and the Epic of Gilgamesh, tablet XI.
Genesis 6:1 to 4 on the sons of God and the Nephilim, and 6:5 to 9:17 on the flood.
The Babylonian Talmud, tractate Hagigah 13b, on the nine hundred and seventy-four generations before Adam. A parallel appears at Shabbat 88b.
The Zohar, on the generations before Adam who were like monkeys and had no true human image, and at I:9b on the seven lands, the exile of Cain to Arka, and Rav Hamnuna Saba's teaching that the inhabitants of the other lands are human beings.
Ma'arekhet Elokut, assigning the Talmud's generations to the previous shmitah. On the cosmic Sabbaticals see also the Tikunei Zohar; Nachmanides on Leviticus 25:2; Rabbeinu Bahya; Rabbi Yitzhak of Acco, Otzar Ha-Chaim; Menahem Recanati; and the Radbaz, Magen David.
Vital, Haim. Etz Chaim, for the rejection of the Sabbaticals and the doctrine that the pre-Adamic worlds were spiritual throughout.
The Popol Vuh, on the wooden people and the flood sent by the Heart of Sky.
The Nahua Suns, on the five cycles and the fourth, Nahui Atl, ending in a flood in which the water and the sky drew near one another.
The Hopi accounts of the Fourth World and the three worlds beneath it.
The Silappadikaram and Nakkeerar's commentary, on the Pandyan land taken by the sea and the word katalkol.
The history of the idea
Sclater, Philip Lutley. "The Mammals of Madagascar." The Quarterly Journal of Science 1 (1864): 213 to 219. The Lemuria proposal at p. 219.
Linnaeus, Carl. Systema Naturae, 10th ed. Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius, 1758. The genus Lemur named from the Latin lemures.
Haeckel, Ernst. Naturliche Schopfungsgeschichte. Berlin: Georg Reimer, 1868. The sunken southern land as humanity's cradle appears in the 1870 edition.
Kircher, Athanasius. Mundus Subterraneus. Amsterdam, 1665. The first map of Atlantis, placed mid-ocean between Spain and America, oriented with south at the top, with the Azores as its surviving peaks.
Bacon, Francis. New Atlantis. London, 1627.
Rudbeck, Olaus. Atland eller Manheim. 4 vols. Uppsala, 1679 to 1702.
Brasseur de Bourbourg, Charles-Etienne. Manuscrit Troano: etudes sur le systeme graphique et la langue des Mayas. 2 vols. Paris: Imprimerie Imperiale, 1869 to 1870. The reading of the sign as Mu. His edition of Diego de Landa, Relation des choses de Yucatan, Paris: Arthus Bertrand, 1864, supplied the alphabet.
Jacolliot, Louis. Les Fils de Dieu. Paris: A. Lacroix, 1873. And Les Peuples et les continents disparus. Paris: A. Lacroix, 1874.
Le Plongeon, Augustus. Queen Moo and the Egyptian Sphinx. New York: published by the author, 1896.
Donnelly, Ignatius. Atlantis: The Antediluvian World. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1882. And Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel, 1883.
Warren, William F. Paradise Found: The Cradle of the Human Race at the North Pole. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885.
Churchward, James. The Lost Continent of Mu. New York: William Edwin Rudge, 1926.
Lubbock, John. Pre-historic Times. London: Williams and Norgate, 1865.
Lyell, Charles. The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man. London: John Murray, 1863.
de Mortillet, Gabriel. Le Prehistorique: Antiquite de l'homme. Paris: C. Reinwald, 1883.
Sarmast, Robert. Discovery of Atlantis. 2003. The Cyprus placement built on the Messinian.
Oreskes, Naomi. The Rejection of Continental Drift: Theory and Method in American Earth Science. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
The genetics
Krause, Johannes, et al. "The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia." Nature 464, no. 7290 (2010): 894 to 897.
Reich, David, et al. "Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia." Nature 468, no. 7327 (2010): 1053 to 1060.
Meyer, Matthias, et al. "A High-Coverage Genome Sequence from an Archaic Denisovan Individual." Science 338, no. 6104 (2012): 222 to 226.
Meyer, Matthias, et al. "Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins." Nature 531, no. 7595 (2016): 504 to 507.
Prufer, Kay, et al. "The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains." Nature 505, no. 7481 (2014): 43 to 49.
Slon, Viviane, et al. "The genome of the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father." Nature 561, no. 7721 (2018): 113 to 116.
Chen, Fahu, et al. "A late Middle Pleistocene Denisovan mandible from the Tibetan Plateau." Nature 569, no. 7756 (2019): 409 to 412.
Zhang, Dongju, et al. "Denisovan DNA in Late Pleistocene sediments from Baishiya Karst Cave on the Tibetan Plateau." Science 370, no. 6516 (2020): 584 to 587.
Demeter, Fabrice, et al. "A Middle Pleistocene Denisovan molar from the Annamite Chain of northern Laos." Nature Communications 13 (2022): 2557.
Tsutaya, Takumi, et al. "A male Denisovan mandible from Pleistocene Taiwan." Science 388, no. 6743 (2025): 176 to 180.
Reich, David, et al. "Denisova Admixture and the First Modern Human Dispersals into Southeast Asia and Oceania." American Journal of Human Genetics 89, no. 4 (2011): 516 to 528.
Larena, Maximilian, et al. "Philippine Ayta possess the highest level of Denisovan ancestry in the world." Current Biology 31, no. 19 (2021): 4219 to 4230.
Jacobs, Guy S., et al. "Multiple Deeply Divergent Denisovan Ancestries in Papuans." Cell 177, no. 4 (2019): 1010 to 1021. The source for the two Papuan Denisovan lineages separated by more than 350,000 years and the third lineage in East Asians.
Durvasula, Arun, and Sriram Sankararaman. "Recovering signals of ghost archaic introgression in African populations." Science Advances 6, no. 7 (2020): eaax5097. The Veshuans, PH6: two to nineteen percent in Yoruba, Esan, Mende and Gambians; separation 360,000 to 1.02 million years; admixture 0 to 124,000 years; donor effective population 22,000 to 28,000.
Hammer, Michael F., et al. "Genetic evidence for archaic admixture in Africa." PNAS 108, no. 37 (2011): 15123 to 15128. The Sildarians, PH3.
Rogers, Alan R., Nathan S. Harris and Alan A. Achenbach. "Neanderthal-Denisovan ancestors interbred with a distantly related hominin." Science Advances 6, no. 8 (2020): eaay5483. The Tamekians, PH5.
Hubisz, Melissa J., Amy L. Williams and Adam Siepel. "Mapping gene flow between ancient hominins through demography-aware inference of the ancestral recombination graph." PLOS Genetics 16, no. 8 (2020): e1008895.
Sankararaman, Sriram, et al. "The date of interbreeding between Neandertals and modern humans." PLOS Genetics 8, no. 10 (2012): e1002947. Haplotype length used to date admixture.
Wall, Jeffrey D., et al. "Higher Levels of Neanderthal Ancestry in East Asians than in Europeans." Genetics 194, no. 1 (2013): 199 to 209.
Ponce de Leon, Marcia S., et al. "Neanderthal brain size at birth provides insights into the evolution of human life history." PNAS 105, no. 37 (2008): 13764 to 13768.
Ruff, Christopher B., Erik Trinkaus and Trenton W. Holliday. "Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo." Nature 387, no. 6630 (1997): 173 to 176.
Niekus, Marcel J. L. Th., et al. "Middle Paleolithic complex technology and a Neandertal tar-backed tool from the Dutch North Sea." PNAS 116, no. 44 (2019): 22081 to 22087.
Schmidt, Patrick, et al. "Production method of the Konigsaue birch tar documents cumulative culture in Neanderthals." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 15 (2023): 84.
Jaubert, Jacques, et al. "Early Neanderthal constructions deep in Bruniquel Cave in southwestern France." Nature 534, no. 7605 (2016): 111 to 114.
Kuhn, Steven L. "Cultural Transmission, Institutional Continuity and the Persistence of the Mousterian." In Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans, vol. 1. Tokyo: Springer, 2013, 105 to 113.
Douka, Katerina, et al. "Age estimates for hominin fossils and the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave." Nature 565, no. 7741 (2019): 640 to 644.
Kistler, Logan, et al. "A new model for ancient DNA decay based on paleogenomic meta-analysis." Nucleic Acids Research 45, no. 11 (2017): 6310 to 6320.
van de Loosdrecht, Marieke, et al. "Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations." Science 360, no. 6388 (2018): 548 to 552. Taforalt.
Salem, Nada, et al. "Ancient DNA from the Green Sahara reveals ancestral North African lineage." Nature 641, no. 8061 (2025): 144 to 150. Takarkori.
Rodriguez-Varela, Ricardo, et al. "Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans." Current Biology 27, no. 21 (2017): 3396 to 3402. The Guanches.
The geology
Voris, Harold K. "Maps of Pleistocene sea levels in Southeast Asia: shorelines, river systems and time durations." Journal of Biogeography 27, no. 5 (2000): 1153 to 1167. Sundaland.
Coles, Bryony J. "Doggerland: a Speculative Survey." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 64 (1998): 45 to 81.
Chesner, Craig A., et al. "Eruptive history of Earth's largest Quaternary caldera (Toba, Indonesia) clarified." Geology 19, no. 3 (1991): 200 to 203.
Hsu, Kenneth J., William B. F. Ryan and Maria B. Cita. "Late Miocene desiccation of the Mediterranean." Nature 242, no. 5395 (1973): 240 to 244. The Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 13 results of 1970, establishing the Messinian salinity crisis from evaporites beneath the Mediterranean floor.
Garcia-Castellanos, D., F. Estrada, I. Jimenez-Munt, C. Gorini, M. Fernandez, J. Verges and R. De Vicente. "Catastrophic flood of the Mediterranean after the Messinian salinity crisis." Nature 462, no. 7274 (2009): 778 to 781. The two-hundred-kilometre erosion channel across the Gibraltar sill; peak discharge on the order of a hundred million cubic metres per second; ninety percent of the water transferred within a few months to two years; peak rates of sea level rise in the basin exceeding ten metres a day.
Micallef, Aaron, et al. "Evidence of the Zanclean megaflood in the eastern Mediterranean Basin." Scientific Reports 8 (2018): 1078. The chaotic sediment body in the Sicily Channel and the Noto canyon as the gateway into the Ionian basin.
On the buried canyons, the Nile gorge cut some two and a half kilometres deep and running inland past Aswan, and the Rhone canyon beneath Lyon, both found by drilling beneath later sediment.
On the Alpine uplift, the bulk of present topography built within the last five to six million years, with exhumation and uplift rates more than doubling from the late Miocene onward.
Autism, telepathy and the persecution of psychics
Radin, Dean. Real Magic: Ancient Wisdom, Modern Science, and a Guide to the Secret Power of the Universe. New York: Harmony Books, 2018.
Grosso, Michael. The Man Who Could Fly: St. Joseph of Copertino and the Mystery of Levitation. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2016.
Mack, John E. Abduction: Human Encounters with Aliens. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1994.
Hopkins, Budd. Missing Time. New York: Richard Marek, 1981. And Intruders: The Incredible Visitations at Copley Woods. New York: Random House, 1987.
Jacobs, David M. Secret Life: Firsthand Documented Accounts of UFO Abductions. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992. And The Threat. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998.
Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, Surveillance Year 2000 Principal Investigators. MMWR Surveillance Summaries 56, no. SS-1 (2007): 1 to 11.
Maenner, Matthew J., et al. MMWR Surveillance Summaries 72, no. SS-2 (2023): 1 to 14. The 2020 figure of 27.6 per 1,000.
Shaw, Kelly A., et al. MMWR Surveillance Summaries 74, no. SS-2 (2025): 1 to 22. The 2022 figures: 32.2 per 1,000 overall, 53.1 per 1,000 at the California site.
Tager-Flusberg, Helen, and Connie Kasari. "Minimally verbal school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder: the neglected end of the spectrum." Autism Research 6, no. 6 (2013): 468 to 478.
Dickens, Ky. The Telepathy Tapes, 2024, with Diane Hennacy Powell.
Powell, Diane Hennacy. The ESP Enigma: The Scientific Case for Psychic Phenomena. New York: Walker and Company, 2009.
McKenna, Terence. The Archaic Revival. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1991.